Got it working. For some reason it only works if Rage is installed to C:/RAGEMP.
Also VC 2015 and VC 2017 can't be on the machine at the same time, here's why: https://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/a49cccc9-14a4-47fe-b184-cd554e0ddeb0/c-redistributable-2017-installation-removes-silently-c-redistributable-2015-update-3?forum=vcgeneral
Additionally, once I got it running from the default install location, it also works with VC2017